Table II
|
Temperature dependence of Pitzer interaction parameters. 25°C-centric equation used to derive parameters: χ(T) = a1 + a2[{1/T}-{l/298.15}] + a3 In{T/298.15} + a4{T - 298.15}. |
|||||||
| Pitzer interaction parameters |
|||||||
|
|
|||||||
| Ion interactions |
Coefficients |
a1 |
a2 |
a3 |
a4 |
Reference |
|
|
|
|||||||
| Ca++ |
Cl- |
 |
4.46 × 10-1 |
2.21 × 102 |
1.61 × 10-11 |
2.28 × 10-4 |
Sterner et al. [34] |
 |
-1.66 × 10 |
-8.83 × 103 |
7.10 × 10-11 |
-2.49 × 10-2 |
|||
 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
 |
-1.73 × 10-2 |
-1.30 × 101 |
-3.87 × 10-13 |
-3.15 × 10-5 |
|||
| Ca++ |
HCO3- |
|
4.00 × 10-1 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
|
2.98 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
| Ca++ |
HSO4- |
|
2.15 × 10-1 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
|
2.53 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
| Ca++ |
NO3- |
|
1.48 × 10-1 |
-4.88 × 101 |
-7.47 × 10-2 |
-1.70 × 10-4 |
Oakes and Felmy [28] |
|
2.44 |
-2.24 × 104 |
-9.93 × 101 |
1.19 × 10-1 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
-4.12 × 10-3 |
-1.79 × 101 |
-1.19 × 10-1 |
1.87 × 10-4 |
|||
| Ca++ |
SO4-- |
|
1.50 × 10-1 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Greenberg and Moller [21] |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
| H+ |
Cl- |
|
1.77 × 10-1 |
-3.35 × 101 |
-2.62 × 10-1 |
1.26 × 10-4 |
Holmes et al. [27] |
|
2.93 × 10-1 |
3.40 × 103 |
1.98 × 101 |
-2.79 × 10-2 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
3.62 × 10-4 |
-2.91 × 10-11 |
0.00 |
-3.04 × 10-5 |
|||
| H+ |
HSO4- |
|
2.09 × 10-1 |
1.05 × 103 |
5.96 |
-8.78 × 10-3 |
Holmes and Mesmer [24] |
|
4.41 × 10-1 |
2.96 × 102 |
2.37 |
-4.63 × 10-3 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
| H+ |
NO3- |
|
1.26 × 10-1 |
5.60 × 102 |
4.92 |
-9.95 × 10-3 |
Felmy et al. [32] |
|
2.88 × 10-1 |
2.71 × 10-7 |
1.59 × 10-9 |
1.34 × 10-3 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
-5.60 × 10-3 |
-6.58 |
-5.77 × 10-2 |
1.10 × 10-4 |
|||
| H+ |
SO4-- |
|
9.86 × 10-2 |
-6.70 × 103 |
-4.17 × 101 |
6.37 × 10-2 |
Pabalan and Pitzer [47] |
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
5.93 × 10-2 |
-3.03 × 103 |
-1.61 × 101 |
2.02 × 10-2 |
|||
| K+ |
Cl- |
|
4.78 × 10-2 |
-3.43 × 102 |
-1.38 |
1.34 × 10-3 |
Greenberg and Moller [21] |
|
2.16 × 10-1 |
-5.76 × 102 |
-2.88 |
4.64 × 10-3 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
-7.49 × 10-4 |
3.65 × 101 |
1.48 × 10-1 |
-1.47 × 10-4 |
|||
| K+ |
CO3-- |
|
1.29 × 10-1 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
|
1.43 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
4.99 × 10-4 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
| K+ |
F- |
|
8.09 × 10-2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
|
2.02 × 10-1 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
9.30 × 10-4 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
| K+ |
HCO3- |
|
-1.07 × 10-2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
|
4.78 × 10-2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
| K+ |
HSO4- |
|
-3.00 × 10-4 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
|
1.74 × 10-1 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
| K+ |
NO3- |
|
-8.16 × 10-2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
|
4.94 × 10-2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
6.60 × 10-3 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
| K+ |
OH- |
|
1.30 × 10-1 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
|
3.20 × 10-1 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
4.10 × 10-3 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
| K+ |
SO4-- |
|
5.55 × 10-2 |
-1.42 × 103 |
-6.75 |
8.27 × 10-3 |
Greenberg and Moller [21] |
|
7.96 × 10-1 |
2.07 × 103 |
2.33 × 10-10 |
2.36 × 10-2 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
-1.88 × 10-2 |
0.00 |
9.09 × 10-13 |
-2.66 × 10-15 |
|||
| Mg++ |
Cl- |
|
3.51 × 10-1 |
-6.56 × 101 |
-5.25 × 10-1 |
4.47 × 10-4 |
Pabalan and Pitzer [47] |
|
1.65 |
-2.87 × 103 |
-2.30 × 101 |
4.95 × 10-2 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
6.53 × 10-3 |
-2.67 × 101 |
-2.14 × 10-1 |
3.11 × 10-4 |
|||
| Mg++ |
HCO3- |
|
3.30 × 10-2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
|
8.50 × 10-1 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
| Mg++ |
HSO4- |
|
4.75 × 10-1 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
|
1.73 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
| Mg++ |
NO3- |
|
3.67 × 10-1 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
|
1.58 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
-2.06 × 10-2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
| Mg++ |
SO4-- |
|
2.23 × 10-1 |
-5.69 × 103 |
-3.28 × 101 |
4.73 × 10-2 |
Pabalan and Pitzer [47] |
|
3.38 |
-2.32 × 104 |
-1.39 × 102 |
2.18 × 10-1 |
|||
|
-3.53 × 101 |
2.17 × 106 |
1.40 × 104 |
-2.28 × 101 |
|||
|
2.44 × 10-2 |
1.89 × 103 |
1.08 × 101 |
-1.56 × 10-2 |
|||
| MgOH+ |
Cl- |
|
-1.00 × 10-1 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
|
1.66 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
| Na+ |
Cl- |
|
7.46 × 10-2 |
-4.71 × 102 |
-1.85 |
1.66 × 10-3 |
Greenberg and Moller [21] |
|
2.75 × 10-1 |
-5.21 × 102 |
-2.88 |
4.71 × 10-3 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
1.54 × 10-3 |
4.81 × 101 |
1.75 × 10-1 |
-1.56 × 10-4 |
|||
| Na+ |
CO3-- |
|
3.62 × 10-2 |
1.11 × 103 |
1.12 × 101 |
-2.33 × 10-2 |
He and Morse [26] |
|
1.5 |
4.41 × 103 |
4.46 × 101 |
-9.99 × 10-2 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
5.20 × 10-3 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
8.88 × 10-16 |
|||
| Na+ |
F- |
|
2.15 × 10-2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
|
2.11 × 10-1 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
| Na+ |
HCO3- |
|
2.80 × 10-2 |
6.83 × 102 |
6.90 |
-1 .45 × 1 0-2 |
He and Morse [26] |
|
4.40 × 10-2 |
1.13 × 103 |
1.14 × 101 |
-2.45 × 10-2 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
| Na+ |
HSO4- |
|
7.34 × 10-2 |
5.26 × 101 |
4.21 × 10-1 |
-8.21 × 10-4 |
Holmes and Mesmer [24] |
|
3.00 × 10-1 |
4.70 × 103 |
2.68 × 101 |
-3.74 × 10-2 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
-4.62 × 10-3 |
-5.82 × 10-11 |
-2.27 × 10-13 |
6.82 × 10-6 |
|||
| Na+ |
NO3- |
|
3.57 × 10-3 |
-7.03 × 102 |
-3.35 |
3.98 × 10-3 |
Archer [33] |
|
2.32 × 10-1 |
-2.73 × 103 |
-1.30 × 101 |
2.07 × 10-2 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
-4.15 × 10-5 |
6.48 × 101 |
3.18 × 10-1 |
-3.84 × 10-4 |
|||
| Na+ |
OH- |
|
8.83 × 10-2 |
-1.20 × 103 |
-6.11 |
7.43 × 10-3 |
He and Morse [26] |
|
2.44 × 10-1 |
1.63 × 103 |
9.48 |
-1.16 × 10-2 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
4.00 × 10-3 |
8.82 × 101 |
4.07 × 10-1 |
-4.76 × 10-4 |
|||
| Na+ |
SO4-- |
|
1.21 × 10-2 |
-2.19 × 103 |
-1.01 × 101 |
1.20 × 10-2 |
Greenberg and Moller [21] |
|
1.12 |
-1.27 × 104 |
-6.72 × 101 |
8.91 × 10-2 |
|||
|
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|||
|
6.57 × 10-3 |
3.39 × 102 |
1.48 |
-1.64 × 10-3 |
|||
| Ca++ |
H+ |
sθMM' |
9.20 × 10-2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
| Ca++ |
K+ |
sθMM' |
1.16 × 10-1 |
9.31 × 10-10 |
0.00 |
1.42 × 10-14 |
Greenberg and Moller [21] |
| Ca++ |
Na+ |
sθMM' |
5.00 × 10-2 |
1.86 × 10-9 |
7.28 × 10-12 |
0.00 |
Greenberg and Moller [21] |
| Ca++ |
Mg++ |
sθMM' |
7.00 × 10-3 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
| H+ |
K+ |
sθMM' |
5.00 × 10-3 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
| H+ |
Mg++ |
sθMM' |
1.00 × 10-1 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
| H+ |
Na+ |
sθMM' |
3.60 × 10-2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
| K+ |
Mg++ |
sθMM' |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pabalan and Pitzer [47] |
| K+ |
Na+ |
sθMM' |
-3.20 × 10-3 |
1.40 × 101 |
9.09 × 10-13 |
-2.66 × 10-15 |
Greenberg and Moller [21] |
| Mg++ |
Na+ |
sθMM' |
7.00 × 10-2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
| Cl- |
CO3-- |
sθXX' |
-2.00 × 10-2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
| Cl- |
HCO3- |
sθXX' |
3.00 × 10-2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
| Cl- |
HSO4- |
sθXX' |
-6.00 × 10-3 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
| Cl- |
NO3- |
sθXX' |
1.60 × 10-2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
| Cl- |
OH- |
sθXX' |
-5.00 × 10-2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pabalan and Pitzer [47] |
| Cl- |
SO4-- |
sθXX' |
7.03 × 10-2 |
1.83 × 102 |
1.33 |
-2.33 × 10-3 |
Greenberg and Moller [21] |
| CO3-- |
HCO3- |
sθXX' |
-4.00 × 10-2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
| CO3-- |
OH- |
sθXX' |
1.00 × 10-1 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
| CO3-- |
SO4-- |
sθXX' |
2.00 × 10-2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
| HCO3- |
SO4-- |
sθXX' |
1.00 × 10-2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pitzer [13] |
| HSO4- |
SO4-- |
sθXX' |
-1.17 × 10-1 |
-3.09 × 103 |
-1.40 × 101 |
1.54 × 10-2 |
Holmes and Mesmer [24] |
| OH- |
SO4-- |
sθXX' |
-1.30 × 10-2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pabalan and Pitzer [47] |
| CO2(aq) |
Ca++ |
sλNM |
1.98 × 10-1 |
-6.51 × 104 |
-4.03 × 102 |
-6.18 × 10-1 |
He and Morse [26] |
| CO2(aq) |
H+ |
sλNM |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
He and Morse [26] |
| CO2(aq) |
K+ |
sλNM |
4.58 × 10-2 |
1.37 × 104 |
8.36 × 101 |
-1.28 × 10-1 |
He and Morse [26] |
| CO2(aq) |
Mg++ |
sλNM |
1.95 × 10-1 |
-3.96 × 103 |
-3.17 × 101 |
5.70 × 10-2 |
He and Morse [26] |
| CO2(aq) |
Na+ |
sλNM |
7.75 × 10-2 |
-1.92 × 104 |
-1.17 × 102 |
1.75 × 10-1 |
He and Morse [26] |
| SiO2(aq) |
H+ |
sλNM |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Felmy et al. [32] |
| SiO2(aq) |
Mg++ |
sλNM |
8.21 × 10-2 |
-3. 83 × 10-9 |
-2.33 × 10-11 |
-1.81 × 10-3 |
Felmy et al. [32] |
| SiO2(aq) |
Na+ |
sλNM |
-7.89 × 10-2 |
-1.44 × 10-7 |
-8.64 × 10-10 |
1.19 × 10-4 |
Felmy et al. [32] |
| CO2(aq) |
Cl- |
sλNX |
2.02 × 10-2 |
5.08 × 103 |
3.01 × 101 |
-4.47 × 10-2 |
He and Morse [26] |
| CO2(aq) |
HSO4- |
sλNX |
-3.00 × 10-3 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
He and Morse [26] |
| CO2(aq) |
SO4-- |
sλNX |
1.39 × 10-1 |
4.99 × 104 |
.09 × 102 |
-4.55 × 10-1 |
He and Morse [26] |
| SiO2(aq) |
Cl- |
sλNX |
1.42 × 10-1 |
1.67 × 102 |
1.51 |
-3.22 × 10-3 |
Felmy et al. [32] |
| SiO2(aq) |
NO3- |
sλNX |
1.34 × 10-1 |
6.30 × 103 |
3.55 × 101 |
-5.02 × 10-2 |
Felmy et al. [32] |
| SiO2(aq) |
SO4-- |
sλNX |
7.76 × 10-2 |
1.56 × 10-7 |
9.33 × 10-10 |
5.53 × 10-4 |
Felmy et al. [32] |
| Ca++K+ |
Cl- |
ψMM'X |
-4.32 × 10-2 |
-2.71 × 101 |
-3.64 × 10-12 |
3.55 × 10-15 |
Greenberg and Moller [21] |
| Ca++Na+ |
Cl- |
ψMM'X |
-3.00 × 10-3 |
0.00 |
1.14 × 10-13 |
-6.66 × 10-16 |
Greenberg and Moller [21] |
| Ca++Na+ |
SO4-- |
ψMM'X |
-1.20 × 10-2 |
0.00 |
4.55 × 10-13 |
-2.66 × 10-15 |
Greenberg and Moller [21] |
| K+Mg++ |
Cl- |
ψMM'X |
-2.20 × 10-2 |
-1.43 × 101 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pabalan and Pitzer [47] |
| K+Na+ |
Cl- |
ψMM'X |
-3.69 × 10-3 |
-5.10 |
-3.41 × 10-13 |
6.66 × 10-16 |
Greenberg and Moller [21] |
| K+Na+ |
SO4-- |
ψMM'X |
7.32 × 10-3 |
-7.16 × 101 |
-3.94 × 10-1 |
6.07 × 10-4 |
Greenberg and Moller [21] |
| Mg++Na+ |
Cl- |
ψMM'X |
-1.20 × 10-2 |
-9.51 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pabalan and Pitzen [47] |
| Ca++Cl- |
SO4-- |
ψMXX' |
-1.80 × 10-2 |
-6.98 × 10-10 |
-2.73 × 10-12 |
1.78 × 10-15 |
Greenberg and Moller [21] |
| K+Cl- |
SO4-- |
ψMXX' |
-1.62 × 10-3 |
3.76 × 101 |
2.90 × 10-12 |
2.85 × 10-4 |
Greenberg and Moller [21] |
| H+HSO4- |
SO4-- |
ψMXX' |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Holmes and Mesmer [24] |
| Mg++Cl- |
SO4-- |
ψMXX' |
-7.96 × 10-3 |
3.26 × 101 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pabalan and Pitzer [47] |
| Na+Cl- |
OH- |
ψMXX' |
-6.01 × 10-3 |
-9.93 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pabalan and Pitzer [47] |
| Na+Cl- |
SO4-- |
ψMXX' |
-9.09 × 10-3 |
-7.86 × 101 |
-5.52 × 10-1 |
9.46 × 10-4 |
Greenberg and Moller [21] |
| Na+HSO4- |
SO4-- |
ψMXX' |
1.44 × 10-2 |
2.58 × 102 |
1.16 |
-1.26 × 10-3 |
Holmes and Mesmer [24] |
| Na+OH- |
SO4-- |
ψMXX' |
-9.10 × 10-3 |
-1.17 × 101 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Pabalan and Pitzer [47] |
| CO2(aq) |
Ca++Cl- |
ξNMX |
-1.61 × 10-2 |
6.25 × 103 |
3.90 × 101 |
-6.04 × 10-2 |
He and Morse [26] |
| CO2(aq) |
H+Cl- |
ξNMX |
-4.65 × 10-3 |
-1.31 × 103 |
-7.26 |
9.96 × 10-3 |
He and Morse [26] |
| CO2(aq) |
H+SO4-- |
ξNMX |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
He and Morse [26] |
| CO2(aq) |
K+ Cl- |
ξNMX |
-1.27 × 10-2 |
-9.33 × 103 |
-5.65 × 101 |
8.56 × 10-2 |
He and Morse [26] |
| CO2(aq) |
K+SO4-- |
ξNMX |
-4.10 × 10-4 |
-1.12 × 105 |
-6.84 × 102 |
1.04 |
He and Morse [26] |
| CO2(aq) |
Mg++Cl- |
ξNMX |
-1.53 × 10-2 |
-3.32 × 103 |
-1.97 × 101 |
2.94 × 10-2 |
He and Morse [26] |
| CO2(aq) |
Mg++SO4-- |
ξNMX |
-9.28 × 10-2 |
-6.09 × 104 |
-3.64 × 102 |
5.44 × 10-1 |
He and Morse [26] |
| CO2(aq) |
Na+Cl- |
ξNMX |
-5.50 × 10-4 |
-3.97 × 103 |
-2.44 × 101 |
3.73 × 10-2 |
He and Morse [26] |
| CO2(aq) |
Na+SO4-- |
ξNMX |
-3.73 × 10-2 |
-8.84 × 103 |
-5.48 × 101 |
8.49 × 10-2 |
He and Morse [26] |
| SiO2(aq) |
H+NO3- |
ξNMX |
-3.30 × 10-3 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
Felmy et al. [32] |
| SiO2(aq) |
Mg++ Cl- |
ξNMX |
-5.15 × 10-2 |
1.50 × 10-8 |
8.99 × 10-11 |
5.94 × 10-4 |
Felmy et al. [32] |
| SiO2(aq) |
Na+Cl- |
ξNMX |
-8.48 × 10-15 |
-1.84 × 10-8 |
-1.11 × 10-10 |
-2.00 × 10-4 |
Felmy et al. [32] |
Alai et al. Geochemical Transactions 2005 6:31 doi:10.1186/1467-4866-6-31 |
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